Types of Assessment Strategies

1. Diagnostic Assessment
   • Conducted before instruction begins.
   • It helps to understand students’ starting points and readiness levels.
   • Examples: Pre-tests, surveys, and skill checklists.
2. Formative Assessment
   • Ongoing assessments during the instructional process.
   • Provides immediate feedback to students and teachers for adjusting teaching and learning strategies.
   • Examples: Quizzes, observations, peer reviews, and exit tickets.
3. Summative Assessment
   • Administered at the end of an instructional period.
   • Evaluates overall student learning and achievement of learning objectives.
   • Examples: Final exams, standardised tests, projects, and presentations.
4. Performance-Based Assessment
   • It involves students demonstrating their knowledge and skills through real-world tasks and projects.
   • Encourages application of learning in practical, meaningful contexts.
   • Examples: Research projects, lab experiments, and artistic performances.

Principles of Effective Assessment

  Validity: Ensures that the assessment measures what it is intended to measure.

  Reliability: Produces consistent and accurate results across different administrations.

  Fairness: Provides equal opportunities for all students to demonstrate their learning.

  Transparency: Clearly communicates expectations, criteria, and outcomes to students.

  Actionable Feedback: Offers specific, constructive feedback that guides students’ improvement.